Umurongo wo gutanga ifumbire mvaruganda

Intangiriro yuburyo bwa fermentation:
Fermentation ya biyogazi, izwi kandi nka anaerobic digestion na fermentation ya anaerobic, bivuga ibintu kama (nkabantu, amatungo n’ifumbire y’inkoko, ibyatsi, ibyatsi bibi, nibindi) mugihe cy'ubushuhe, ubushyuhe hamwe na anaerobic, binyuze muri catabolism ya mikorobe itandukanye, kandi amaherezo Inzira yo gukora imvange yaka ya gaze nka metani na dioxyde de carbone.Sisitemu yo gusembura biyogazi ishingiye ku ihame rya fermentation ya biyogazi, ifite intego yo kubyaza ingufu ingufu, hanyuma ikamenya ko ikoreshwa ryuzuye rya biyogazi, ibinyabuzima bya biyogazi hamwe n’ibisigazwa bya biyogazi.

Fermentation ya biyogazi ni inzira igoye ya biohimiki ifite ibintu bikurikira:
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(2) Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa muri fermentation biragoye kandi biva ahantu henshi.Ibintu bitandukanye kama kama cyangwa imvange birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo bya fermentation, kandi ibicuruzwa byanyuma ni biyogazi.Byongeye kandi, fermentation ya biyogazi irashobora gutunganya amazi mabi kama hamwe na COD yibanda hejuru ya 50.000 mg / L hamwe n imyanda kama irimo ibintu byinshi.
Ingufu zikoreshwa na mikorobe mikorobe ni mike.Mubihe bimwe, ingufu zisabwa kugirango igogorwa rya anaerobic rihwanye na 1/30 ~ 1/20 cyo kubora mu kirere.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya fermentation ya biyogazi, bitandukanye muburyo n'imiterere, ariko ubwoko bwibikoresho byose bushobora kubyara biyogazi mugihe igishushanyo cyumvikana.
Fermentation ya biyogazi bivuga uburyo imyanda itandukanye ikomeye ihindurwamo na mikorobe ya biyogazi kugirango itange biyogazi.Irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu:
Icyiciro cyo kuyungurura
Kubera ko ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bitandukanye bidashobora kwinjira muri mikorobe kandi bigakoreshwa na mikorobe, ibintu bikomeye bigomba guhindurwamo hydrolyz muri Soluble monosaccharide, acide amino, glycerol, na acide yibinure bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile.Ibi bintu bishonga bifite uburemere buke bwa molekile birashobora kwinjira muri mikorobe hanyuma bikangirika kandi bigakoreshwa.
Icyiciro cya Acidogenic
Ibintu bitandukanye bishonga (monosaccharide, acide amino, acide fatty) bikomeje kubora no guhinduka mubintu bya molekile nkeya bitewe na bagiteri ya selile, bagiteri za protein, lipobacteria, na bacteri za pectin enzymes zo mu nda, nka aside butyric, aside protionique, aside aside, na alcool, ketone, aldehydes nibindi bintu byoroshye kama;icyarimwe, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidakoreshwa nka hydrogène, dioxyde de carbone na ammonia birekurwa.Ariko muriki cyiciro, ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ni acide acetike, bingana na 70%, bityo byitwa icyiciro cyo kubyara aside.Indwara ya bagiteri yitabira iki cyiciro yitwa aside.
Icyiciro cya Methanogenic
Bagiteri ya Methanogeneque ibora ibintu byoroshye kama nka acide acike yangirika mugice cya kabiri ihinduka metani na karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, na dioxyde de carbone igabanuka kuri metani hakoreshejwe hydrogène.Iki cyiciro cyitwa icyiciro cyo gutanga gaze, cyangwa icyiciro cya methanogene.
Bagiteri ya methanogeneque isaba kuba mubidukikije bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya okiside munsi ya -330mV, kandi fermentation ya biyogazi isaba ibidukikije bya anaerobic.
Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko kuva kubora kw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bigoye kugeza ku gisekuru cya nyuma cya biyogazi, hari amatsinda atanu akomeye ya physiologique ya bagiteri arimo, arizo bagiteri fermentation, bagiteri zitanga hydrogène zitanga aside, bagiteri ya hydrogène itwara hydrogène, kurya hydrogène methanogene na bagiteri zitanga aside.Methanogens.Amatsinda atanu ya bagiteri agize urunigi rwibiryo.Ukurikije itandukaniro rya metabolite yabo, amatsinda atatu ya mbere ya bagiteri arangiza inzira ya hydrolysis na acide hamwe, naho amatsinda abiri ya nyuma ya bagiteri arangiza inzira yo gukora metani.
bagiteri
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibinyabuzima bishobora gukoreshwa muguhindura biyogazi, nk'ifumbire y’amatungo, ibyatsi by’ibihingwa, ibiryo n’imyanda itunganya inzoga, n’ibindi, kandi ibiyigize nyamukuru birimo polysaccharide (nka selile, hemicellulose, krahisi, pectine, n'ibindi), icyiciro cya lipide na proteyine.Ibyinshi muri ibyo bintu ngengabuzima bigoye ntibishobora gushonga mu mazi kandi bigomba kubanza kubora mu isukari ishonga, aside amine na aside irike na enzymes zidasanzwe zidasanzwe zasohowe na bagiteri fermentative mbere yuko zinjizwa kandi zigakoreshwa na mikorobe.Nyuma ya bacteri za fermentative zimaze kwinjiza ibintu byavuzwe haruguru mu ngirabuzimafatizo, zihinduka aside acike, aside protionique, aside butyric na alcool binyuze muri fermentation, kandi urugero rwa hydrogène na dioxyde de carbone ikorerwa icyarimwe.Umubare wuzuye wa acide acike, acide protionic na aside butyric mumisemburo ya fermentation mugihe cya fermentation ya biyogazi bita acide volatile total (TVA).Mugihe cya fermentation isanzwe, acide acike niyo aside nyamukuru muri acide yose yakoreshejwe.Iyo ibintu bya poroteyine byangirika, usibye ibicuruzwa, hazabaho na hydrogène sulfide ya amoniya.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa bacteri fermentation igira uruhare mugikorwa cya hydrolytike fermentation, kandi hariho amoko menshi azwi, harimo Clostridium, Bacteroide, bacteri acide Butyric, bacteri acide Lactique, Bifidobacteria na bacteri za Spiral.Inyinshi muri izo bagiteri ni anaerobes, ariko kandi anaerobes zifite ubushobozi.[1]
Methanogens
Mugihe cya fermentation ya biyogazi, methane iterwa nitsinda rya bagiteri yihariye cyane yitwa methanogene.Methanogene irimo hydromethanotrophs na acetomethanotrophs, abo ni bo bagize itsinda rya nyuma mu ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa mu gihe cyo gusya kwa anaerobic.Nubwo bafite uburyo butandukanye, uko bahagaze murwego rwibiryo bituma bakora ibintu biranga physiologique.Mugihe cya anaerobic, bahindura ibicuruzwa byanyuma byamatsinda atatu yambere ya metabolism ya bacteri mubicuruzwa bya gaze metani na dioxyde de carbone mugihe hatabonetse hydrogène yo hanze, kugirango kubora ibintu kama mubihe bya anaerobic birangire neza.

Gutera intungamubiri zintungamubiri:
Umusaruro wintungamubiri yibimera uteganya gukoresha ibice byingirakamaro muri biyogazi no kongeramo imyunyu ngugu ihagije kugirango ibicuruzwa byarangiye bifite ibimenyetso byiza.
Nkibintu bisanzwe bya macromolecular, acide humic ifite ibikorwa byiza bya physiologique nibikorwa byo kwinjiza, kugorana no guhana.
Gukoresha acide humic na biyogazi yo kuvura chelation birashobora kongera ituze rya biyogazi, kongeraho chelation yibintu bishobora gutuma ibihingwa bikurura neza ibintu.

Humic aside chelation inzira yo gutangiza:
Chelation bivuga reaction ya chimique aho ioni yicyuma ihujwe na atome ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zo guhuza (zitari icyuma) muri molekile imwe nu guhuza ibikorwa kugirango habeho imiterere ya heterocyclic (impeta ya chelate) irimo ioni yicyuma.ubwoko bw'ingaruka.Irasa na chelation ingaruka ya clab claws, niyo mpamvu izina.Imiterere yimpeta ya chelate ituma chelate ihagarara neza kuruta urwego rutari chelate hamwe nibintu bisa.Ingaruka zo kongera ituze ziterwa na chelation yitwa ingaruka ya chelation.
Imiti ikoreshwa muburyo itsinda ryimikorere ya molekile imwe cyangwa molekile ebyiri hamwe nicyuma cya ion kigize imiterere yimpeta binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza byitwa chelation, bizwi kandi nka chelation cyangwa cycleisation.Mu byuma bidafite umubiri byinjizwa numubiri wumuntu, mubyukuri 2-10% byinjira.Iyo imyunyu ngugu ihinduwe muburyo bwo gusya, aside amine isanzwe yongerwaho kugirango ibe “chelate”.Mbere ya byose, Chelation isobanura gutunganya imyunyu ngugu muburyo bwo kurya.Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byamabuye y'agaciro, nk'ifunguro ry'amagufa, dolomite, n'ibindi, ntabwo byigeze bigera "gushukwa".Kubwibyo, muburyo bwo gusya, bigomba kubanza kuvurwa "chelation".Nyamara, inzira karemano yo gukora imyunyu ngugu mubice bya "chelate" (chelate) mumibiri yabantu benshi ntibikora neza.Nkigisubizo, inyongeramusaruro zidafite akamaro.Duhereye kuri ibi tuzi ko ibintu byinjijwe numubiri wumuntu bidashobora gukoresha neza ingaruka zabyo.Igice kinini cyumubiri wumuntu ntigishobora gusya neza no gufata ibiryo.Mu byuma bidafite ingufu birimo, 2% -10% gusa ni byo byonyine, kandi 50% bizasohoka, bityo umubiri wumuntu umaze "gushonga" icyuma.“Gusya no kwinjiza amabuye y'agaciro yatunganijwe bikubye inshuro 3-10 ugereranije n'amabuye y'agaciro atavuwe.Nubwo wakoresha amafaranga make, birakwiye.
Muri rusange ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa cyane kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa n ibihingwa kuko ibintu bidafite imiterere-karemano bitunganijwe nubutaka bwubutaka.Mubisanzwe, gukoresha neza ibintu byashizwe mu butaka birarenze ibyo gutondekanya ibintu.Igiciro cyibintu byashizwe hejuru nabyo birarenze ibyo gufumbira ifumbire mvaruganda.