Iterambere rinini kandi ryimbitse ry’inganda n’ubworozi bw’inkoko ryatumye habaho kwegeranya umwanda mwinshi, ibyo bikaba bitagira ingaruka ku mibereho ya buri munsi y’abatuye hafi, ahubwo binatera ibibazo bikomeye byangiza ibidukikije.Ikibazo cyukuntu twakemura ibibazo byamatungo n’inkoko bigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa.Umwanda w’amatungo n’inkoko ubwawo ni ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru Ibikoresho fatizo by’ifumbire birimo fibre nyinshi, itanga intungamubiri zihagije zo kubaho kwa mikorobe kandi ikagira ingaruka zo kuzamura imiterere yubutaka.Nyamara, umusaruro w’ifumbire mvaruganda ivuye mu ifumbire ugomba gukorerwa fermentation ya aerobic, ishobora gukuraho umunuko w’amatungo n’ifumbire y’inkoko kandi ikabigira ifumbire mvaruganda idahindagurika buhoro buhoro ihinduka ifumbire mvaruganda.
Ingurube y'ingurube stack fermentation.Nyuma yo gutandukanya cyane-ifumbire y'ifumbire mu nzu y'ingurube, ibisigazwa by'ifumbire, ifumbire yumye yumye hamwe na bagiteri.Mubisanzwe, ubuhehere bwibisigisigi byifumbire nyuma yo gutandukana nuwutandukanya-amazi akomeye ni 50% kugeza 60%, hanyuma ibikoresho bivanze bigashyirwa mumifuka iboshye.Muri pariki, isohoka kuri pake yububiko bwicyatsi kibisi cya stacking fermentation.Umushinga uteganijwe gukoreshwa kugirango ukureho ubuhehere muri parike.Muguhindura ubushyuhe nubushuhe, gukora ifumbire mvaruganda byihuta.Mubisanzwe, ifumbire mvaruganda ikorwa muminsi 25.
Ibyiza byo guhinduranya ifumbire mvaruganda ni uko ifite imbaraga zihagije zo guhindura mugihe ikora kandi irashobora guhindura ikirundo neza kugirango wirinde fermentation ya anaerobic iterwa no guhinduranya ikirundo mugihe kitaragera.Muri icyo gihe, ifite ibikorwa byiza byo gushyushya no kubika mu mahugurwa ya fermentation.Ibibi Ikiguzi cyishoramari ni kinini kandi kubungabunga imashini biragoye.
Ibyiza bya fermentation ya stack harimo ishoramari rito, amafaranga make yo gukora hamwe nubuziranenge bwa fumbire.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda n’ubucuruzi buciriritse n’ubucuruzi no kuvura ifumbire mibi mu bworozi bw’ingurube.Ariko ikibi nuko ifata umwanya munini kandi ifite amafaranga menshi yumurimo.
Ibipimo byimashini ihindura inkono:
1. Igikoresho cyohereza amashanyarazi ya mashini ihinduranya inkono igizwe na moteri, kugabanya, gusuka, kwicara, icyuma kinini, nibindi. Ni igikoresho cyingenzi gitanga imbaraga zingoma.
2. Igikoresho cyurugendo kigizwe na moteri yingendo, ibikoresho byohereza, icyuma cyohereza, amasoko yingendo, nibindi.
3. Igikoresho cyo guterura kigizwe no kuzamura, guhuza, uruziga rwohereza, intebe yo gutwara, n'ibindi.
4. Ubwoko bwimashini ihindura imashini - igikoresho gito cyo guhindura imashini: Iki gikoresho kigizwe na spockets, amaboko ashyigikira, ingoma zihindura, nibindi.
5. Ikinyabiziga cyimura kigizwe na moteri igenda, ibikoresho byohereza, uruziga, uruziga, nibindi. Itanga ubwikorezi bwigihe gito kugirango uhindure ikirundo kugirango uhindure ahantu.
Akamaro k'umuyoboro uva mu ruhare rwacyo mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda:
1. Imikorere ikangura ibikoresho bibisi.Mu musaruro w’ifumbire, ibikoresho bimwe byingirakamaro bigomba kongerwamo kugirango uhindure igipimo cya karubone-azote, pH, ibirimo ubuhehere, nibindi bikoresho fatizo.Ibikoresho nyamukuru nibikoresho byingoboka byegeranye byegeranye byegeranye birashobora kuvangwa neza na mashini ihindura kugirango igere kuntego ya conditioning.
2. Hindura ubushyuhe bwikirundo kibisi.Mugihe cyimikorere ya mashini ihinduranya, pellet yibikoresho byibanze byuzuye kandi bivangwa numwuka, kandi umwuka mwinshi urashobora kuba mubirundo, bifasha mikorobe mikorobe yo mu kirere kubyara cyane ubushyuhe bwa fermentation no kongera ubushyuhe bwikirundo ;iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kongeramo umwuka mwiza birashobora gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwikirundo.Imiterere yubushyuhe buringaniye-ubushyuhe bwo hejuru-ubushyuhe buringaniye-ubushyuhe buringaniye burashirwaho, kandi mikorobe zitandukanye zingirakamaro zikura kandi zikororoka vuba mubipimo byubushyuhe bihuza.
3. Kunoza uburyo bwo kwegeranya ikirundo kibisi.Sisitemu yo guhindura ikirundo irashobora gutunganya ibikoresho mo uduce duto, bigatuma ikirundo cyijimye kandi cyinshi cyibikoresho fatizo bigenda byoroha kandi byoroshye, bikagira ububobere bukwiye.
4. Hindura ibirimo ubuhehere bwikirundo kibisi.Ibirungo bikwiranye na fermentation yibikoresho biri hafi 55%, naho ubuhehere bwifumbire mvaruganda irangiye iri munsi ya 20%.Mugihe cya fermentation, reaction ya biohimiki izabyara amazi mashya, kandi gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo na mikorobe nabyo bizatuma amazi abura uyitwara kandi yubuntu.Kubwibyo, amazi agabanuka mugihe mugihe cyo gukora ifumbire.Usibye guhumeka biterwa no gutwara ubushyuhe, guhindura ibikoresho fatizo n'imashini ihindura bizatera imyuka y'amazi ku gahato.
5. Menya ibisabwa byihariye byuburyo bwo gufumbira.Nko kumenagura ibikoresho fatizo, guha ibirundo bibisi imiterere runaka cyangwa kumenya kwimura umubare wibikoresho fatizo, nibindi.
Kubwibyo rero, uburyo bwo guhindura imashini yo guhindura imashini hamwe na fermentation ya stacking ikoreshwa muguhindura ifumbire y'ingurube mu bworozi bw'ingurube mu butunzi kugira ngo itange ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi inyungu zimwe zirashobora kugerwaho.Ariko, ibintu byukuri bigomba gusuzumwa mugukoresha nyabyo.Niba hari Ukurikije Ibintu nkigiciro cyifumbire mvaruganda, amafaranga yumurimo, imbuga zimbuga, nibindi, hitamo igisubizo gihuye nibyo ukeneye.Mu kuvura bitagira ingaruka ku matungo n’ifumbire y’inkoko mu bworozi bw’ingurube, imashini ifumbira ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa ibitanda bya fermentation bikoreshwa mu guhindura ifumbire mu butunzi.Ipaki fermentation ikwiranye gusa nubworozi buto bwingurube.Mu kurwanya umwanda, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’umurimo ndetse n’iterambere ry’imashini, guhindura inkono bifite amahirwe yo gusimbuza inzira ya fermentation no kugera ku buryo bunoze bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bukora neza, kandi bukoreshwa nabi mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-14-2023
